Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(7)
Patients in Cluster 2 ("physically poor") have high pain levels and high physical impairment, whereas patients in Cluster 3 ("mentally poor") have moderate pain levels and high mental impairment.
Older people in physically poor health are at greater risk of developing clinical depression.
The third, smaller group identified by Giesecke et al. included patients with a low degree of mood disturbances but with a high tenderness on evoked pain testing, which might overlap to some extent with our Cluster 2 (physically poor).
The majority of patients (>80%) at baseline belonged to the 3 worst categories 1 (worst), 2 (physically poor), and 3 (mentally poor), and only about 15% were in the 2 best categories.
Mentally poor patients (Cluster 3) were more likely to deteriorate to Cluster 1 than physically poor patients (Cluster 2), suggesting that mental impairment is the more detrimental co-morbidity compared to physical impairment influencing outcome category.
Whereas more than 10% of patients in either treatment group (12.8% and 10.8%, respectively) deteriorated from the "mentally poor" category to the "worst" category, only 2.9%and6.0%0% of patients, respectively, in the "physically poor" category deteriorated to the "worst" category.
Similar(52)
Class 1 (76%) was characterized by good physical and mental HRQOL; Class 2 (9%) was characterized as having physically related poor HRQOL; Class 3 (11%) was characterized as having mentally related poor HRQOL; and Class 4 (4%) as having both physically and mentally related poor HRQOL.
However, independent of these other covariates, our findings demonstrate the positive relationship between older age and physically unhealthy poor HRQOL, which is not surprising considering the vast array of physical ailments that are prevalent among older individuals.
Current smokers had increased odd ratios for "mentally unhealthy" and for "mentally and physically unhealthy" poor HRQOL.
Our research found that the odds ratios of having "physically unhealthy" poor HRQOL was elevated for those ages 45 and older, and especially for those over age 65, compared with younger adults.
Having an annual household income under $25,000 in our study increased the odds ratios of having "mentally and physically unhealthy" poor HRQOL ORR 3.67), compared with the high income group.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com