Superimposed on these physical scales is a set of ecological scales expressed by aquatic organisms.
The extended timeframes and large physical scales involved necessitate compact modelling approaches.
This however depends on careful selection of methodologies and assessment protocols to allow for comparison across time and physical scales.
In addition, it should be fine enough to capture the relevant physical scales of the engineering problem.
A computational framework has, therefore, been used to identify the microstructural mechanisms, at different physical scales, that affect behavior.
Despite their different physical scales (in size, velocity, and amount of energy transported), they have strong morphological similarities.
With increasing dynamic range, we expect the advantages of AMR to increase even more significantly, rendering it a useful tool for simulations involving structures of multiple physical scales.
Even with physical scales, there is an implied granularity; if I say that something is 6 feet long, this implies less precision than length of 183 centimeters.
This task requires the integration of the several physical scales of biological organization, each defined by a distinct set of mechanisms and constraints, into a single unifying model.
Here, we summarize the recent advances in theory, computer simulations, and experiments that advance our understanding of the links between various physical scales in biology.
Recombination rates vary both across the genome and between different species, but little information is available about the temporal and physical scales over which such rates change.
