Sentence examples for physical methods have from inspiring English sources

Historically, traditional chemical and physical methods have successfully created well-defined nanoparticles.

In addition to the chemical synthesis strategies of Au nanostructures, several physical methods have also been used to improve the quality of the Au nanostructures, including photochemistry (UV, Near-IR), sonochemistry, radiolysis, thermolysis, and microwave irradiation [58 65].

With respect to PANI synthesis, chemical and physical methods have been recommended [5, 23 31], in which the facile interfacial polymerization is a highly flexible approach without any templates [3, 23, 24].

Diverse chemical and physical methods have been used to prepare AgNPs with various sizes and shapes, such as UV irradiation [6,7], microware irradiation [8], chemical reduction [9], electron irradiation [10], photochemical [11], and lithography methods [12].

Basically, the physical methods have affected low yields, while the chemical ones caused harmful effects on the environment due to use of toxic solvents and the regeneration of hazardous by-products (Wang et al. 2007).

Given that conventional physical methods have low yields and chemical methods are toxic and consume a lot of energy, the development of environmentally friendly approaches has become the more preferred trend for the field of nanobiotechnology.

Disrupting biofilms, by enzymatic degradation as well as physical methods, has been shown to greatly enhance antibiotic's efficacy.

For the preparation of effective polysaccharide-based microgels/nanogels, various synthetic strategies based on chemical and physical crosslinking methods have been developed.

Generally, common physical disruption methods have been employed, such as freezing thawing (Fan et al. 2014), sonication (Yang et al. 2006) and bead beating (Carrigg et al. 2008).

Although catalyst-free, single-step [21, 22], and multi-step [23 26] physical deposition methods have been achieved recently to synthesize ZnO nanostructures, the required high growth temperature necessitates the use of expensive substrates such as sapphire and silicon.

As the use of physical payment methods have declined, the need to maintain a network of bank branches has shrunk.