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However, in some cases we find concordance of cytogenetic data with phylogenetic traits such as morphology, bioacoustics, and molecular data.
Although there is general agreement that loud-calls may also serve as phylogenetic traits, systematic studies comparing call structure and genetic relatedness are rare.
Knowledge of the clonal structure and virulence genes is needed as a framework to improve the understanding of phylogenetic traits of porcine ExPECs.
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This result suggests that solventogenesis in Clostridium species could be a phylogenetic trait, whereas carboxydotrophy would not.
We performed analyses treating the 'Margin untoothed' trait as a binary and as a ternary variable to perform comparisons among the phylogenetic vs. non phylogenetic trait-temperature GLS models.
The lack of strong correlations between the phylogenetic diversity metrics and the proportion of species within each functional group also suggests low phylogenetic trait conservatism in the tree assemblages examined, but further studies are needed to properly address this issue.
This phylogenetic trait conservatism may be an effect associated with rapid initial evolution recently proposed for the main hylobatid lineages [ 45, 46].
And then the data were manually processed by R packages pheatmap software (Kolde 2011) to construct the heatmap in a phylogenetic trait.
In Passeriformes, the picture is indeed more complex than a single VS to UVS opsin shift in an ancestor of Passerida; our phylogenetic trait mapping reveals more variation among the passerines than what is known from other birds combined.
Studies that both retain a biogeographic perspective and control for the phylogenetic trait conservatism are the most useful in elucidating the consequences of evolution of the climbing habit (Asner et al., 2012; Gallagher and Leishman, 2012).
In this study, we aim to elucidate whether differences in song structure of six crested gibbon species and especially of the four closely related species, N. leucogenys, N. siki, N. annamensis and N. gabriellae, are persistent enough to be regarded as phylogenetic trait.
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