Interestingly, phrasing of preferences regarding pain control in standardized forms implied that drugs taken to control pain may shorten life, a phenomenon also found throughout other ADs.
For example, we used the phrase "I prefer" combined with "to be" and "my/me" to indicate personal preference and "I think" combined with "should be" and "patient/his" to indicate perception of norm.
In 2014, Clayton Critcher, a psychologist at the University of California, Berkeley, and Melissa Ferguson, a psychologist at Cornell, put volunteers in an interview situation and asked them to conceal their sexual orientation for instance, by responding to questions about their dating preferences with phrases such as "I tend to date people who...".
The developer behind a machine-learning Tinder bot which hacks the dating app to automatically filter potential matches based on the user's prior aesthetic preferences, used the phrase in a blog about his project — noting that it was this characteristic of dating app interactions that encouraged him to add an additional feature to his bot.
"We don't want to have a blanket block on those terms because oftentimes people are using those phrases to advocate against those preferences or that kind of language".
Investigators utilised a content analysis approach, where the patient comments and discussions were broadly categorised and classified to discern participants' preferences for optimal wording, phrasing and content of medication instructions.
However, 12 other high quality studies were published since 2000, increasing the diversity in populations, study designs, and in the phrasing of the questions used to assess preferences.
In this phrase,'rationality' refers not to restrictions on preferences but to non-restrictions on information processing: rational expectations are idealized beliefs that reflect statistically accurately weighted use of all information available to an agent.
The phrase acknowledges Marshall's preference to passing over shooting.
Even though the ambiguous phrases were presented in a neutral context, subjects have preferences for one syntactic interpretation over another, which affect the ease with which ambiguities can be resolved (Rayner and Duffy, 1986).
