Exact(10)
Thus, gap size determination via the broken branch method underestimated gap sizes by approximately 14% compared to the hemispherical photograph method.
In this study, we assumed that the gap size that was calculated by the hemispherical photograph method was close to the actual value.
Because estimation of the gap size by the hemispherical photograph method needs enormous labor of tree climbing, we adopted the broken branch method which is an expedient.
The relationship between values obtained through these two methods is described by the following function: S hemispherical photograph method = 1.1615 S broken branch method + 0.448 where Shemispherical photograph method and Sbroken branch method are gap size estimated using each of the methods.
Paired data points (estimated gap sizes) derived from the two methods were used to derive the following linear function: (3) S hemispherical photograph method = α S broken branch method + b where Shemispherical photograph method is the canopy gap size determined by function (1), Sbroken branch method is the canopy gap size determined by function (2), and a and b are constants.
Estimates of black bear-created gap size obtained using the hemispherical photograph method were significantly and positively correlated with values obtained using the broken branch method (r = 0.7700, p = 0.0033, R = 0.5928).
Similar(50)
The Swiss case was the last one pending in Europe challenging the basic legality of Street View's photographing methods, which had first raised privacy concerns five years ago.
The space artist Jon Lomberg rounded up photographs, a method having been found to encode them into the record's grooves.
The photographic assessment method, particularly assessment of 8 intra-oral digital photographs is comparable to the visual examination method in the primary dentition.
Fig. 3 a DSM image of the tectonic landform at Jaretar, b field photograph showing the method of taking photo by the camera on a 10-m-high pole for making the DSM image, c topographical profile across the deformed fan surface.
The fiber samples were embedded, thin-section cut, and photographed using the method previously described [ 34].
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