(Other common types include calcium phosphate stones and uric acid stones).
In general, calcium phosphate stones have the greatest density, followed by calcium oxalate and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones.
The formation of calcium phosphate stones is associated with conditions such as hyperparathyroidism and renal tubular acidosis.
As with adults, most pediatric kidney stones are predominantly composed of calcium oxalate; struvite and calcium phosphate stones are less common.
Sufficient dietary intake of magnesium and citrate inhibits the formation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones; in addition, magnesium and citrate operate synergistically to inhibit kidney stones.
However, when infected by microorganisms that secrete urease, the pH may rise to above 10 and urolithiasis involving calcium phosphate stones can result.
Calcium stones come in two forms: calcium oxalate stones and calcium phosphate stones.
Struvite stones (also known as "infection stones", urease or triple-phosphate stones), form most often in the presence of infection by urea-splitting bacteria.
