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Christopher Dold, vice president of veterinary services at SeaWorld, argues that orcas at SeaWorld facilities already have "a phenomenal quality of life".
Nor is it possible to suppress a phenomenal quality while holding constant a state with its (allegedly) identical neural property.
In effect, this objection denies that introspective attention to an instance of a phenomenal quality can provide for an understanding of that quality adequate for genuine factual knowledge.
The notion of pre-reflective self-awareness is related to the idea that experiences have a subjective 'feel' to them, a certain (phenomenal) quality of 'what it is like' or what it 'feels' like to have them.
Chalmers writes that "direct phenomenal beliefs" about our experiences are "partly constituted by an underlying phenomenal quality", in that the two will be tightly coupled across "a wide range of nearby conceptually possible cases" (2003, 235).
Ginet emphasizes what he calls the "actish phenomenal quality" of basic actions, which he describes (1990: 13) as its seeming to the agent as if she is directly producing, making happen, or determining the event that has this quality.
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The local contract-bridge set remember that a dozen years ago, when he was just a first lieutenant, he displayed phenomenal qualities of leadership as the director of championship conteact tournaments.
Thus, appeal to difference of causes alone is an insufficient basis for individuation of phenomenal qualities.
He dispenses with phenomenal objects in favor of phenomenal qualities that one's experience instantiates or somehow incorporates.
An epistemological problem, however, may appear to remain: How can epiphenomenalists know that they experience different phenomenal qualities?
In contrast to Carnap, Goodman begins from a realist basis, considering the example of a system built on phenomenal qualities, so-called qualia (phenomenal colors, phenomenal sounds, etc).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com