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In addition to oxygen, the hydroxylation reaction catalysed by PHD requires both Fe2+ and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG, also known as α-ketoglutarate) as reactants [ 11].
This decrease is intriguing because the hydroxylation reaction by PHD requires oxygen as substrate and it is generally assumed that at levels close to anoxia, the HIF response is maximal.
Yet without the confidence to step out beyond the safety of endless footnotes and the words and voices of big-name scholars, we risk not reaching the level of academic independence that doing a PhD requires of us.
Because of its research focus, the PhD requires students to be very well prepared academically for whatever topic they are pursuing; typical bachelor's degrees include math, physics, biology, or chemistry.
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As we completed our manuscript, we became aware of an unpublished plate screen showing that E. coli colony growth at low pH requires several envelope and inner membrane components besides TolC, such as TolB and TolR; the report has since been published [35].
The mechanism of H. insolens Y1 xylanases with higher activities at alkaline pHs requires further study.
Direct regulation of mRNA stability by pH requires that the 3'-untranslated region of the regulated mRNA contain a direct repeat of an eight-base AU sequence that functions as a pH-response element [ 27].
In the model filamentous ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans, tolerance of alkaline ambient pH requires the activities of, at least, three zinc-finger transcription factors: PacC, CrzA and SltA (Spielvogel et al., 2008; Tilburn et al., 1995).
The key technical disadvantages associated with PathVysion are that the solutions are not ready to use, the reagent pH requires confirmation before use, and fluorescent HER2 probes labelled with Spectrum Orange are hard to detect above the high background fluorescence.
Ammonia solution needed to achieve pH required for gel formation approximately 290 mL.
The optimum pH required for maximum adsorption was found to be 5.0 and 5.5 for chromium and cadmium respectively.
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