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It has been suggested that this phasic event is a sleep-protective mechanism.
For sEMG recording, three consecutive tracks, with a duration of 15 s, and withouth any interposing phasic event, such as swallowing, voluntary movement or clenching, were acquired with the mandible of the patient in rest position.
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Sleep stages and phasic events (sleep spindles and rapid-eye-movements during REM sleep (REMs) were visually identified.
Validation of the markers over time scales of milliseconds was achieved by showing that common types of sleep-EEG phasic events could be detected by recurrence analysis.
The method yields markers for continuously determining sleep depth, for detecting sleep-specific phasic events, and for objectively defining potentially useful sleep markers and indices.
None of our animals demonstrated phasic events characterized by large muscular twitches during the activated state.
During phasic REM sleep, the neck muscles showed only a few phasic events (Fig. 1A) (phasic/tonic EMG ratio = 1.15±0.04, n = 10 controls; Fig. 4a).
Perhaps more interestingly in this regard, during urethane anaesthesia we did not observe any phasic events (although the presence of PGO waves was not directly assessed).
Tonic events are considered to be those that are consistently present during active sleep such as activation of the EEG, muscular atonia, thermoregulatory cessation, etc. Phasic events are those which are only transiently present and include large amplitude pontine derived field potentials (ponto-geniculo-occipital – PGO – waves), rapid eye movements and muscular twitches.
For example, good memory performance is related to a large phasic (event-related) power decrease in the alpha-band [ 56]. 77 healthy volunteers took part at this experiment (38 men and 39 women).
Valid phasic event-related changes in EDA are thought to begin a minimum of 1 3 s and a maximum of 8 10 s after an event, and maximum height of the response can occur as late as 15 s following an event, making this measure commonly known as "slow".
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