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Traditional QPI utilizes the electromagnetic phase of transmitted light to measure, with nanometer scale sensitivity, alterations in the optical thickness of a sample of interest.
We assume that the analog beamforming system controls the phase of transmitted signal with phase shifters, but cannot control the amplitude of the signals.
Based on the judicious change in the phase of transmitted signal applied for synchronization purposes, the second algorithm can also be used to extract synchronized aggregate templates.
By adjusting the initial phase of transmitted signal, the overlap of peak values of each sub-carrier at the distance corresponding to the specified time delay can be easily achieved.
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In a phase range acquired by first step, master node adjusts the phase of transmitting pulses by stepsize.
By simply controlling only the phase of the transmitted signals, the new method decreases the energy consumption of cognitive radio nodes.
In this study of GNP/MWCNT synergistic action, with an increase of GNPs, the agglomeration extent of the reinforcement phase increased and the interface bonding was weak, thus decreasing the capacity of the reinforcement phase to transmit the load and finally decreasing the tensile strength of the sintered nanocomposites [22].
In particular, the length of the eclipse phase and the number of transmitted virus variants may define the window in which a prophylactic vaccine must act.
The purpose of symbol mapping is to generate constellation mapping complex symbols, which are mapped into complex symbols by a group of symbols through different modulation schemes by 0, 1. Suppose that number of modulation phase is m, number of transmitted information symbols is n, and the number of complex symbols after mapping is e.
There will be a capacity penalty due to the use of two phases to transmit the same information.
Assuming a temperature range where the grain-boundary phases are sufficiently soft such that bridging can occur due to a viscous layer in the boundary, a viscoelastic model is developed in which bridging forces associated with the shear resistance of the grain-boundary phase are transmitted across the surfaces of a crack.
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