The advantages of a phase-of-firing encoding are illustrated in Figure 1 [11].
The PRC measures how the phase of firing of an oscillatory neuron changes as a function of perturbations that it receives at different phases of its oscillation.
Thus, the theta phase of firing encodes the distance travelled through the firing field, adding additional information on self-location beyond that encoded by firing rate alone [92].
Note that the peak firing probability of BCs and Bistrat cells overlaps with the occurrence of epsilon oscillatory epochs (asterisk in panel A ). (C ) Preferred phase of firing and strength of modulation of discharges during epsilon oscillations (individual cells).
(E ) The mean firing probabilities of PV cell classes before, during, and after ripples (error bars: S.D .. (F ) Preferred phase of firing and strength of modulation of discharges during ripple oscillations (individual cells).
Details regarding the interaction between excitatory and inhibitory populations, synchronization within the oscillation cycle, relative phase of firing of pyramids and interneurons, or properties of individual cells can have dramatic effects on both the power and frequency of emergent gamma oscillations.
A third relevant point is that our data showed that the average phase-preferential discharges of Bistrat cells, and the two epsilon and ripple-modulated AACs in our sample, were delayed by about 1.4 ms (calculated for a 140-Hz ripple) with respect to the mean phase of firing by BCs during fast network events, a period of time that is approximately a monosynaptic delay.
It has been shown that the finite element models can efficiently predict the thermal and thermal structural behaviour of the composite beams at elevated temperatures during the heating and cooling phases of fire.
The results show that different types of shear connections do not affect the global behavior of the subassembly during the heating phase of the fire, where the fire response is generally governed by beam local buckling near the connection.
Indeed the actual requirement of non-occurrence of structural failure at peak temperature does not guarantee against a delayed failure during or after the cooling phase of a fire, which puts at risk the fire brigades and people proceeding to a building inspection after a fire.
