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PiCO+ specifications do not report to which phase of expiration the displayed values correspond.
Chest circumference (CHC) was measured at the level of nipple at the end phase of expiration.
Waist circumference at umbilical level was measured in standing position with a non-stretchable tape in the late phase of expiration.
With this approach, expiratory stimulations occurred at a late phase of expiration, namely at a time where a residual post-inspiratory activity was most unlikely.
These findings suggest that the eCO concentration measured by PiCO+ corresponds to in the initial phase of expiration, when flow is maximum.
To measure the transversal diameter, the end phase of expiration was chosen, i.e. when the two arytenoids are at the most adducted position.
Similar(52)
If present, pleural effusion – with hypoechoic to anechoic appearance – is observed during all phases of expiration and inspiration [ 22, 23].
Conversely, our data suggest that the values provided by the two devices may correspond to different phases of expiration.
In this model, the degree of VA/ Q inequality in the entire lung is gaged from the slope of an intra-breath V/ Q versus volume expired curve during phase III of expiration (prior to the onset of airway closure).
The E1 phase of breathing represents the "passive" stage of expiration in which chest wall and abdominal muscles are relatively quiescent.
Shivaram and colleagues [ 11] applied graded levels of CPAP by mask to patients with acute asthma and observed an improved sensation of comfort, reduced inspiratory work of breathing, and increased flow in the late phase of tidal expiration.
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