Moreover, the phytohormones play a significant role in retention of flowers and fruits during the reproductive phase of crops and thus promoted crop productivity (Table 4).
The efficiency of LST NDVI scatter was better during the dry down or water limited phases of crop growth only.
Based on the collected data, the precipitation deficit in relation to water demand in various phenological phases of crop development was calculated.
Ethylene was at elevated levels compared to ambient during the flowering/fruiting phase of the crop.
The maximum efficiency of biostimulants occurs at low dosage of treatments and is dependent on plant species, cultivars and growth phase of the crop plant [58, 59].
Incidence of heat stress at reproductive phase of the crop results in abnormal pollination leading to floret sterility, low seed set and poor grain quality.
Over a standard three-year crop rotation, these leaching rates represent 19 31% of typical fertilizer N application rates; however, leaching losses are likely derived not only from fertilizer but also from soil organic N mineralization, and are apparently higher during the post-fallow phase of the crop rotation.
The within season-dynamics includes (1) the production of assimilates from photosynthesis, (2) the reallocation of assimilates from roots and trunk during the vegetative phase of the crop cycle, (3) the partitioning of assimilates towards leaves, stems, grapes, roots, and trunk, (4) the accumulation of assimilates in roots and trunk after maturity, and (5) leaf senescence.
On-farm composts did not show any phytotoxic symptoms, whereas COW that induced the lowest yield caused a slight growth reduction in the early phases of the crop cycle.
The developed model MoDrY is designed for the estimation of the level of spring wheat yields on the basis of dry periods occurring during the particular periods between the phenological phases of the crop plant.
