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In examining the applicability of this assay in testing pharmaceutical agents, the effects of two drugs, arecoline and serotonin, known to alter pharyngeal activity in C. elegans were examined.
It also appeared that there was some inherent patterning of wild-type pharyngeal activity, which consisted of short (≤300 msec) and intermediate (between 2 and 11 sec) inter-pump intervals.
It is known that 5-HT is a potent stimulator of pharyngeal activity and acts on multiple effectors at both pre and post-synaptic sites at the neuromuscular junction [13], [17], [31], [32], [33].
FLP-2A, expressed in pharyngeal neurons M4, MC and I5, enhances pharyngeal activity.
While eleven flp genes encode inhibitors of pharyngeal activity, eight encode excitatory peptides (Papaioannou et al., 2005).
Here we show that the smn-1 ok355 smn-1 ok355which removes most of smn-1 includeletion translation start site, produces a pleiotropic phenotype including late larval arrest, reduced lifespan, sterility as whichas impairemovesomostof and pharyngeal activity.
Similar(53)
The inhibitory action of the FLP-13 peptide on pharyngeal muscle activity is consistent with its expression in I5 [ 70].
This PPG includes basic and clinical projects to define the mechanisms underlying arousal and pharyngeal muscle activity in sleep apnea.
Genta PR, Owens RL, Edwards BA, Sands SA, Eckert DJ, Butler JP, Loring SH, Malhotra A, Jackson AC, White DP, Wellman A. Influence of pharyngeal muscle activity on inspiratory negative effort dependence in the human upper airway.
The data I am collecting are providing further evidence for the role of pharyngeal muscle activity and arousal threshold in OSA pathogenesis and will possibly demonstrate the feasibility of treating OSA with medications.
Swallowing maneuvers are generally voluntary controls applied to a specific movement used during swallow.39, 40, 41 There is very little exercise designed to improve pharyngeal wall activity other than the tongue-holding maneuver, which involves holding the tongue tip between the teeth gently but firmly and swallowing with the oral tongue in that position.
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