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Caffeine is the most widely used pharmacologic substance.
As such, the 249 concepts assigned each of the STs Organic Chemical, Pharmacologic Substance, and Immunologic Factor were assigned the IST Organic Chemical ∩ Pharmacologic Substance ∩ Biologically Active Substance in a CSSN generated using this approach.
Therefore, in the RSN it is assigned only the IST Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein ∩ Pharmacologic Substance.
As an illustration, Pharmacologic Organic Chemical had one IS-A to Organic Chemical and another to Pharmacologic Substance.
Furthermore, many chemical substances displayed multiple functional aspects, including the 1,940 concepts that were assigned Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein ∩ Pharmacologic Substance ∩ Immunologic Factor.
For example, Neuromuscular transmission drug (C0357560) is assigned just Pharmacologic Substance and therefore retains this assignment in the RSN with an assignment to the PST of the same name.
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An example of a search using these discovery patterns is shown in Figure 2, which implements the "inhibit the upregulated" pattern in SemBT for DR. In the Query field, in a suitable syntax, we limited the search to pharmacologic substances (drugs) or organic chemicals that can inhibit target genes or their products.
Recently, mechanical, remote ischemic postconditioning as well as pharmacologic postconditioning with substances addressing the RISK pathway and the mPTP have shown positive effects on surrogate end points in patients.
Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of aggressive behavior that is out of proportion to psychosocial stressors and/or provocation and that is not better accounted by another mental disorder, comorbid medical conditions, or the physiologic effects of a pharmacologic agent or other substance with psychotropic properties [ 4].
Despite their increasing use, pharmacologic effects of these substances on liver and kidney functions are not widely known.
Drugs, in contrast to other toxic substances, have pharmacologic as well as toxicologic effects that might affect gene expression.
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