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Phantom states stoke wars, foster crime, and make weak states even weaker.
And treating them as mere eccentricities means that phantom states have little reason to care about the international order.
To the Editor: Georgia agrees that "phantom states" are fundamentally destabilizing and that they should focus on the needs of their people rather than on attaining statehood.
But transparent government, free elections and a peaceful foreign policy are as vital for phantom states as they are for real ones.
By insisting on territorial integrity, the United States and other countries forgo the chance to turn phantom states into responsible players.
Leaders of phantom states champion the right to national self-determination while the countries from which they seek independence stress the need for stable borders.
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Even when a phantom state becomes a genuine state, the problems don't necessarily end.
Mr Rugova, head of a phantom state, is now a prisoner of the Serbs.
"Now we are in a phantom state," said a Western diplomat who has stayed on here.
In addition, the most recent budget -- $572 million for the year 1999-2000 -- was "balanced" with about $40 million in phantom state aid that the city was not due.
"The C.A.R. has become virtually a phantom state, lacking any meaningful institutional capacity," the International Crisis Group said in report in 2010, noting that the country was in "permanent crisis".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com