This latter finding allowed us to further examine cortical distances directly between lip and phantom hand representation on the cortical surface [note that the traditional Euclidian analysis showed significant lateral shifts of the intact hand of amputees, compared to controls; t 35) = 2.639, P = 0.012].
Consistent with our previous reports (Makin et al., 2013 a, b ), cortical distances in the deprived homunculus did not vary for residual arm (Supplementary Table 3) or phantom hand representations (Supplementary Fig. 1).
Assume that there be ε k representations of the video sequence requested by client k and let PR k indicate the set of those representations, (phantom {dot {i}!}text {PR}_{k}={text {PR}_{k,1}, cdots, text {PR}_{k,varepsilon _{k}}}) with PR k,i <PR k,i+1.
The motor cortex of traumatic amputees who report the presence of a phantom limb contains representations of movements of the amputated limb which can be activated by stimulating the motor cortex [19].
Seven TLDs were distributed throughout each right chest wall phantom to give adequate representation of measured radiation doses.
To verify that the phantom was a true representation of the original anatomy, comparisons were made against the original MR dataset.
By mirroring this muscle map onto the hemisphere contralateral to the missing limb we can identify the homologue of the "presumed" hand area and thereby determine whether TMS in the region most likely to contain the hand's representation provoked phantom sensations.
Though phantoms are an incomplete representation of tissue, they are the best way to validate the performance of imaging hardware and algorithms, and are necessary for calibration procedures.
Open image in new window Fig. 1 Basic schematic representation of the phantom showing the control unit outside the scan room and the phantom components inside the PET-MR scanner.
A schematic representation detailing the phantom itself and supporting precision pumping and monitoring mechanisms is shown in Fig. 1.
