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n is the number of voxels inside the phantom chamber.
To simulate the background, the body phantom chamber was also filled with radioactivity.
where v i is i th voxel inside the phantom chamber in an image corrected with an inaccurate map, and vr i is the corresponding voxel in a reference image.
Then in cold background, with the main phantom chamber filled with non-radioactive water and finally with four sphere to background contrast ratios of 15:1, 7.5 1, 3.75:1, and 1.88 1.
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Within the phantom, ion chamber positional uncertainties were estimated as 0.6 mm (95% CL, k = 2).
One slice was from the part of the phantom without air chambers, and the other one was from the part that contains the two air chambers.
The dose distribution beneath the opening was measured in a polystyrene phantom with a 0.016 cm3 ionization chamber (pinpoint chamber type 31014, PTW-Freiburg, Germany), with LiF thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD 100H, Saint-Gobain Christals&Detectors, Solon, USA), and with radiochromic films (Gafchromic® HS14, International Speciality Products, Wayne (NJ), USA).
The measurement was made using the head site in the lateral position and the abdomen site in the AP position placed above the solid water phantom with the ionization chamber inserted in it at the treatment distance.
Commissioning an IMRT program and routine patient dose verification of IMRT require films and ionization chamber measurements in phantom.
This would have required regular access to the cardiac chamber of the phantom which was impractical with the amount of steps of increasing concentration used in this study.
Dosimetric effects of intrafractional tumor motion were then investigated experimentally under the same conditions as 4D CT simulation using the dynamic anthropomorphic thorax phantom, films, and an ionization chamber.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com