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Isotropic growth of AgNPs was evident under diverse synthetic conditions, designed considering various reaction factors including temperature, pH, extract concentration, and AgNO3 ratios.
bark aqueous extract was used as a model extract and we systematically investigated the effect of different reaction parameters, namely temperature, pH, extract concentration and reaction time, on the morphology and size of gold NPs, by Ultraviolet visible (UV vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS).
To study the effect of pH, extract pH was adjusted to 3 11 by adding 0.1 M sulphuric acid or 0.1 M sodium hydroxide.
To study the effect of pH, extract pH was adjusted to 2, 3, 4, 6 and 9 and then the extract (5 mL) was added to 95 mL of 1 mM silver nitrate solution to make the total volume to 100 mL.
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After the free ligand is removed by filtration, the PBP-bound ligand is released from the protein by lowering the pH, extracted with organic solvent and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) for quantification and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for identification of the bound ligand.
Also, the mean yield value for the low pH (pH 4) extracted BSH was higher compared with the high pH (pH 11) extracted hydrocolloid in both MAE (11.39 and 9.52%) and CHSE (6.78 and 5.55%) methods.
The pH 6.5 extract in the presence of bentonite and MgCl2 reduced TMV CP levels by ~55%, but the pH 4.0 extract in the presence of bentonite and MgCl2 reduced CP contamination by ~75%.
Optimization of pH, reducing extract concentration, metal ion concentration and time elapsed from the nano-biosynthesis was achieved.
Using this methodology, the optimal values for the concentration of mannitol, initial pH, yeast extract and calcium chloride were 1.9, 7.5, 1.6 and 4, respectively.
The main parameters affecting the formation of nanoparticles, including pH of extract, temperature of synthesis process and extract concentration were investigated and optimized.
Both the pH 9 extract and the detergent extract required much higher protein concentrations to stimulate the proliferation of cultured OPCs.
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