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For homologous overexpression of pgm, it was amplified from genomic DNA of C. glutamicum using primers pgm-OE-for (5′-GGATCCTGTTAAGCCACCCTACTC-3′) and pgm-OE-rev (5′-GGTACCTGACACGTCCACTAGTTG-3′).
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We selected Newbler for Ion PGM because it is known to produce longer contigs for Ion PGM as well [ 22] because of the similarity of its sequencing chemistry to that of Roche 454.
PGM is unusual since it is the only variant enzyme found in the so-called trunk pathway from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to pyruvate which is otherwise highly conserved and indicative that the ancestral function of the glycolytic pathway was biosynthetic rather than glycolytic [3], [68].
To this aim, we evaluated the Ion Semiconductor sequencing using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (IT-PGM) in our routine molecular diagnostics for CRC in comparison with the gold standard direct Sanger sequencing.
Representative samples with insertions detected using the IT-PGM and Ion Proton are shown in Figure 3.
This was evident in the detection of several additional somatic mutations by the Ion Proton (409-gene panel) in comparison to IT-PGM (46-gene panel).
In a melanoma sample (Supplementary Table 3, sample 4), the IT-PGM (46-gene panel) detected a BRAF p.V600K (c.GTG>AAG) mutation at a 69% allelic fraction.
The mutational profile of these tumours was known through earlier analysis using the IT-PGM (46-gene panel) that detected 37 sequence variants (36 SNVs and one deletion).
This represents a major improvement and advantage over mutational hotspot screening panels using sequencers of lower capacity like the IT-PGM.
The Ion Ampliseq Cancer Panel Life Technologiess) covering mutation hotspot regions of 46 genes was used for library preparation and sequencing using the IT-PGM sequencer (Life Technologies) as described previously (Singh et al, 2013).
Of note, in the DLD1 cell line, the Ion Proton (409-gene panel) detected 4 SNVs not detected by the IT-PGM attributable to the fact that the 46-gene hotspot panel lacked sequencing coverage in these areas.
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