Asphaltenes in petroleum flow streams are often compared with low-density lipoproteins in blood stream, both being responsible for flow restriction, pressure surge and finally complete blockage, resulting system shut down owing to phase separation and deposition on the flow lines.
All commercial petroleum accumulations are along the predicted preferential petroleum migration pathways (PPMP) formed by focusing of numerous "small petroleum streams" close to the kitchens.
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is the process by which sulfur-containing impurities are removed from petroleum streams, typically using a heterogeneous, sulfided transition metal catalyst under high H2 pressures and temperatures.
A pilot plant facility for HDS processing of petroleum streams has been set up at the Research Institute of Petroleum Industry of Iran (RIPI).
These results indicate that the I/P bioassay, which takes 6 months to complete, may be a good qualitative predictor of the results of a chronic bioassay, at least for petroleum streams.
Ghana's Energy Commission (2014),6 has identified the potential drivers of electricity consumption as industrial growth, petroleum up-stream and mid-stream activities, mining, ongoing electrification scheme, and energy conservation and efficiency measures.
Ethylene process or ethylene process unit means a chemical manufacturing process unit in which ethylene and/or propylene are produced by separation from petroleum refining process streams or by subjecting hydrocarbons to high temperatures in the presence of steam.
This paper reports the development of a methodology for the determination of arsenic in petroleum refinery aqueous streams containing large amounts of unknown volatile organic compounds, employing electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with polarized Zeeman-effect background correction.
In order to evaluate the accuracy of the procedure, a test was performed in six spiked samples of petroleum refinery aqueous streams and the relative errors verified in the analysis of such samples (added As between 12.5 and 190 μg l−1) ranged from −7.2 to +16.7%.
