Although in this paper, the developed protocol have been demonstrated for the gas shales, it can equally be used for several other fields involving the use of clay minerals such as agriculture, medicine, petroleum, environment, and geotechnical engineering.
This study has been highlighted as one of the strategy introducing biomass based nano-bioplastic (nanobiofilm) to solve dependency on petroleum and environment pollution because of non-degradable plastic.
To make up for the rising cost of petroleum and environment protection, oil refining industries are seeking to broaden their energy sources.
PHA is expected to solve some environmental problems such as, excess emission of carbon dioxide, depletion of petroleum and environment pollution by waste plastics.
The offshore oil and gas industry is applying more advanced technologies to explore and produce petroleum in challenging environments.
In addition, some OTUs were closely related to methanogenic archaea such as Methanoplanus petrolearius which may come from petroleum polluted anoxic environments around the bay.
Leaks and spills of hazardous fluids like petroleum endanger the environment, while remediation costs and penalties imposed when petroleum contaminates the ecosystem affect economics heavily.
"Some oil wells are in the hands of rebel soldiers loyal to... Machar and we fear they may cause damage to the facilities and the environment," Petroleum Minister Stephen Dhieu Dau told Reuters news agency.
This dramatic reversal has important consequences for petroleum markets, the environment and the U.S. economy.
SEC has found numerous uses for sample preparation in the determination of many low-molecular-weight contaminants such as pesticides, drug residues, and PAHs in food, petroleum products, the environment, and other matrices [ 5– 7].
