Sentence examples for pests have evolved from inspiring English sources

Also, recent studies have reported a reduction of efficacy as some important pests have evolved resistance to Bt [ 3, 4].

We examine our list for generalizations and then some selected cases to reveal how plant pests have evolved from domesticates.

In 1996, the first genetically modified (GM) crops expressing Bt toxins were used in the field and at least five lepidopteran and one coleopteran pest have evolved resistance to Bt crops expressing single Cry toxins (Van Rensburg 2007; Tabashnik et al. 2008; Bagla 2010; Storer et al. 2010; Gao et al. 2011; Gassmann et al. 2011; Wan et al. 2012).

To ward off these pests, plants have evolved an arsenal of defensive traits.

However, the evolution of pesticide resistance has become a major problem in controlling pest populations and today more than 500 pest species have evolved resistance to various chemicals (Georghiou 1990; Georghiou and Lagunes-Tejeda 1991).

In some cases, agricultural pest species have evolved resistance to so many pesticides that control is futile (NRC 1986).

P. xylostella was the first agricultural insect pest to have evolved resistance in the field to Bt proteins [ 37, 38].

Despite the fact that numerous pest species populations have evolved resistance to various insecticides creating a serious threat worldwide (see e.g. Whalon et al. 2008), the faith of those individuals that survive the (sub-lethal) insecticide treatment has received surprisingly little attention, most of the studies focusing on mortality factors.

Many insect species, including important crop pests such as aphids, have evolved resistance to pyrethroid insecticides via specific amino acid substitutions within the Nav1 channel [14].

On pest resistance through GMOs, Ms. Furey spoke of how "superbugs resistant to pest-resistanct GMO crops have evolved and are destroying those crops".

These are enumerated in Table 2. Likewise, we encountered examples of domesticated taxa that have become plant pests, but it is not clear whether these have evolved to become pests or are simply ecological opportunists (Table 3).