Sentence examples for pests and host from inspiring English sources

Insect oviposition is the first encounter between most of the insect pests and host plants, and oviposition preference or non-preference is the most important step to determine plant resistance and/or susceptibility to the insect pests.

The interaction between insect pests and their host plants is a never-ending race of evolutionary adaption.

Estimates of pest diversity and host range from such databases are thus likely to be lower bounds.

In cowpea RKN is an important pest worldwide and host plant resistance has been a preferred strategy along with cultural practices to control the nematode population in infested cowpea fields [ 5, 6].

In 2012 parties to the International Plant Protection Convention adopted a standard known as ISPM-36 which recommended and outlined the use of integrated measures to manage pest and pathogen host risk for international plant trade (International Plant Protection Convention 2012).

In this review, I focus primarily on how effector proteins from bacterial and filamentous pathogens of plants and pests perturb host ubiquitination pathways that ultimately include the 26S proteasome.

This can facilitate rapid assessment of risk from novel pests and pathogens when empirical host range data are not yet available and guide efficient collection of empirical data for risk evaluation.

The biotic interactions (RQ) hypothesis for geographic parthenogenesis assumes, first, that herbivory and pathogen pressure is less intense at higher latitudes; and second that pressure from coevolving pests and pathogens selects for host sexual reproduction while absence of this pressure selects for asexual reproduction.

The impact on individual hosts is sometimes greater for pests and pathogens with more specialized host ranges (Agudelo-Romero and Elena 2008), whereas the impacts on ecological systems may be differ depending on whether the pests are more specialized or have broader host ranges (Shearer et al. 2007; Dyer et al. 2010).

Because pests and pathogens may select for host diversity rather than host sexual reproduction per se, sexual reproduction is not necessarily the winning strategy under high pest and pathogen pressure when competing with a diverse population of asexual genotypes [ 50].

The inherent assumptions and limitations of host range databases like the Fungus-Host Distributions database and the GPDD could systematically bias analytical results for studies of host range of pests and the number of pests on particular hosts.