The path flow vectors meeting the travel demands are called the feasible path flow vectors and form the constraint set, for a given weak (or strong) equilibrium flow H, K ( H, λ ) : = { F ∈ A : ϕ F = ρ ( H, λ ) }. Assume further that the path costs are also perturbed, i.e., depend on a perturbation parameter μ of a metric space M: T s ( F, μ ), s = 1, …, m.
For each contrast, Table 2 presents the number of processes, the number of cross-annotating pairs among these processes, the number of interactions which the process pairs cross-annotate, and the number of those interactions which we consider "perturbed" (i.e., both interacting genes exhibit perturbed expression for that contrast; see the section titled "The MCMC-BPN algorithm" for details).
The equilibrium distribution of many hydrogen nuclei between the two spin states (parallel and antiparallel) can be perturbed (i.e., changed) by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation of appropriate frequency.
In general, if an attractor agp is perturbed, i.e., the value for mgp(t)<mingp t) or mgp(t)>maxgp t) for one or more gene products, the system will exit the current attractor and adopt a variant attractor vgp.
Specifically, each gene in the SOS pathway was perturbed (i.e. over-expressed) and the transcriptional response of all the genes in the network measured.
When the ER homeostasis is perturbed, i.e. upon ER stress, BiP is sequestered by unfolded and/or misfolded proteins that accumulate in the ER lumen (Fig. 2b, c).
TRANSWESD constructs the PG G P via two thresholds: an edge i → j is introduced in G P if (i) a measure similar to the z-score | z ij | used by DR-FFL exceeds a given threshold β and (ii) if the absolute change of the state of node j when perturbing i exceeds a certain minimal deviation γ, i.e. if | G j wt − G ij ko | > γ.
But I was perturbed, yes, I was".
When he watched the televised portion of the brawl, he said: "I was perturbed because I could foresee this happening.
When IL-13 and MCP-1 were perturbed together (i.e. both allocated to high concentration bins), this resulted in a greater increase in IFN-γ concentration than that observed when either was perturbed alone.
"That doesn't mean I'm not going to be perturbed when I get a letter".
