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We measured personalized stigma and disclosure concerns with the Berger HIV stigma scale [ 40, 41].
The scale consists of four subscales (personalized stigma, disclosure, negative self-image, and public attitudes with good Cronbach's alphas ranging from 0.72 to 0.84).
The scale covered 4 domains with 4 items for each domain: personalized stigma, disclosure concerns, negative self-image, and public attitudes.
The original HSS-40 [ 6] measures four dimensions of stigma: personalized stigma, disclosure concerns, negative self-image, and concerns with public attitudes.
For each subscale, item scores were summed to obtain a personalized stigma score ranging from 18 to 72 and a disclosure concerns score ranging from 10 to 40 with higher scores indicating more perceived HIV-stigma.
Although a decrease in direct, public, personalized stigma was reported, institution stigma was viewed as highly problematic.
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