Exact(10)
The most plausible candidate is the personality principle — a basic principle that recognizes the inherently collective nature of leadership-level groups dedicated to committing international crimes.
The passive personality principle allows states, in limited cases, to claim jurisdiction to try a foreign national for offenses committed abroad that affect its own citizens.
Like Roxin's theories describing the collective organizations that can be used as a form of indirect perpetration, the personality principle treats the horizontal leadership group as an organization or group agent whose collective nature potentially justifies the attribution of vertical modes of liability to all members of the horizontal group.
Although this article does not defend the doctrine of indirect co-perpetration, it does conclude that combined vertical and horizontal modes of liability, whether at the ICTY or ICC, implicitly or covertly rely on something like the personality principle in order to justify collective attribution to the horizontal collective.
The protective principle, which is included in the hostages and aircraft-hijacking conventions and the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel (1994), can be invoked by a state in cases where an alien has committed an act abroad deemed prejudicial to that state's interests, as distinct from harming the interests of nationals (the passive personality principle).
Whether authorities in the U.S. will invoke the passive personality principle has yet to be decided.
Similar(50)
There's very little where I'd agree with that particular personality, on principle.
The exiled opposition is rife with divisions over personalities and principle.
On Thursday the governor wrote Hank Paulson with an urgent request for $7 billion, without which the state may not be able to pay its bills in the short-term.Like Mr McCain, Mr Schwarzenegger campaigned as a centrist who could check the ambitions of a Democratic legislature with the strength of his personality and principles.
In principle, personality is usually lifelong, while moods come and go.
Ideas matter less than personalities, respect for principle less than the pursuit of office.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com