These students had remained persistently poor readers, scoring poorly on speed as well as comprehension.
About 150,000 of the workers are snake catchers, most of them in persistently poor regions.
They won't, for the most part, be the persistently poor, who are usually covered by Medicaid.
"The persistently poor readers have a rudimentary system in place, but it's not connected well," Dr. Shaywitz said.
"In Hawaii, if you are persistently poor, you are really stuck where you are, on the islands".
The particular challenge facing Miliband was to dispel the doubts that linger about him personally, expressed in persistently poor poll numbers.
McDowell county is one of the most impoverished jurisdictions in the country and has been classified as "persistently poor" by the federal government.
The people most likely to be persistently poor were pensioners (especially single ones), unemployed people (including lone parents and those with disabilities), and people without educational qualifications.
Persistently poor places, in turn, naturally experience high levels of emigration, says John Cromartie of the Department of Agriculture, as people leave in search of a better life.
That disarray is deepened by profound regional differences (an ultra-rich north, a persistently poor south) that make Italy look all the more incoherent to some of its neighbors.
It also found that a million children in Britain are from a family which is "persistently poor", not due "as it is often assumed [to] parental addiction or broken relationships" but ill health within the family or low skills.
