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We assume unions are formed in each period; persistent unions would complicate the analysis but not change the conclusion [33].
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All the patients had a persistent non-union or pseudoarthrosis despite previous surgery to achieve union.
Open image in new window Fig. 1 Garden 4 type fracture of the neck of the femur Open image in new window Fig. 2 Showing persistent non-union at 2 years Open image in new window Fig. 3 Radiograph at 32 months depicting union.
Our study demonstrates that BMP-2 enhances healing of the persistent non-unions without any adverse events.
This is our experience with the use of BMP-2 in children undergoing revision surgery for persistent non-union.
Conversion to internal fixation was performed for reasons of patient dissatisfaction with external fixation, pin track sepsis, persistent non-union or refracture.
Revision surgery was performed in these cases, and three of these underwent a second revision surgery due to a persistent non-union.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy with the use of BMP-2 for treating persistent non-unions in children with underlying complex conditions.
In conclusion, this review describes successful use of rhBMP-2 as a part of a treatment strategy for persistent non-unions in children who have failed to achieve bone healing despite standard methods of treatment.
There was persistent non-union with proximal migration of the distal fibula seen in 7 patients.
Recent research finds a persistent positive effect of unions on members' wages and household income (Farber et al. 2018).
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