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If long-term plasticity refers to persistent modifications in synaptic efficacy, short-term plasticity reflects the reversible modulation of synaptic strength in response to varying presynaptic stimuli.
Accordingly, acute cyto- and genotoxic effects as well as chronic alterations, ranging from reversible cellular changes to persistent modifications of the airways, are the major effects on human health.
We predicted that (1) the composition of the social group in which fish grew up would induce persistent modifications of their social performance, (2) growing up in groups with a more complex social structure would result in a better social competence, and (3) individuals with a better social competence would accrue benefits, which are likely to raise their fitness.
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Furthermore, there are indications that vernalization induces a persistent modification in the metabolism of apical cells and their derivatives.
Their «spendthrift» phenotype suggested a persistent modification of the energy control, in agreement with a predictive adaptive response [23] to the inappropriate HF diet [24] [26].
A possible problem could be that not all the cells in the body may be equally sensitive to high glucose, resulting in a persistent modification of gene expression and/or cell function.
After 4 months of treatment, a weight loss of 10.8 kg (BMI = 27.3) and persistent modification in the sexual addiction, he decided to stop treatment, feeling that he had more than reached his goals.
The latter observation indicates that culturing the cells in hyperglycemic environment develops persistent modification of elastic properties, which cannot be reverted by a simple decrease in glucose concentration, even to the physiological level.
Persistent synaptic modifications can involve alterations in both of the function of synaptic transmission and the structure of neuronal connections.
Activity-dependent persistent synaptic modifications are generally thought to be the cellular mechanisms underlying the refinement of neuronal connections in the developing nervous systems [10], [11] and contributing to the processes of learning and memory in the mature brain [12], [13].
In utero exposures to environmental factors may result in persistent epigenetic modifications affecting normal development and susceptibility to chronic diseases in later life.
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