Women living with HIV in Africa are at increased risk to be co-infected with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), persistent high risk (HR HPVV infection and bacterial vaginosis (BV), which compounds HPV persistence, thereby increasing the risk for cervical dysplasia.
Cervical cancer arises as consequence of persistent high risk papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections.
Further studies to investigate epidemiological correlates of persistent high risk HPV infection are also needed.
Persistent high risk HPV infection can lead to cervical cancer, the second most common malignant tumor in women worldwide.
This effect has an important role in atherogenesis, and may be a link to the persistent high risk for cardiovascular events in hypertensive individuals under effective BP control.
Indeed, it may be the lack of prevention resources provided to the sexual partners of transwomen that has contributed to the persistent high risk for HIV among transwomen, thus prevention messaging must be designed and targeted to sexual partners too.
