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As any addict will tell you, persistent craving is like an acid that eats through resolve and good sense.
Because persistent craving (and the corresponding loss of control) relies on brain changes (synaptic reconfigurations), addiction experts all over the world have come to define addiction as a brain disease.
Cocaine addiction is characterized by a progressive increase in drug intake and a persistent craving for the drug during prolonged abstinence.
Indeed, the desire for a drug can be controlled to a greater or lesser extent among drug users and treatment interventions have been shown to decrease cocaine use despite persistent craving [36].
Further, stress and cue exposure resulted in significantly enhanced and persistent craving.
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Pica refers to the persistent, compulsive craving for and ingestion of nonfood items and certain food items.
Pica refers to the persistent, compulsive craving for and ingestion of food and nonfood items, including ice (pagophagia), laundry starch, clay, chalk or soil (geophagia), grass, leaves, paint chips, cigarettes, etc. [ 12].
Among the various neurotransmitter systems affected by METH exposure is the glutamate system, where long-lasting drug-induced changes are suspected factors underlying craving and persistent vulnerability to relapse.
Furthermore, after exposure to stress imagery, alcoholic patients showed a persistent increase in alcohol craving, subjective distress, and blood pressure responses across multiple time points compared with social drinkers, suggesting an inability to regulate this high alcohol craving and emotional stress state.
He reported salt craving but denied vomiting, diuretic use, pain, or persistent childhood diarrhea.
Pica is typically defined in scientific communities as "the persistent eating of non-nutritive substances" [4] or "the tendency or craving to eat substances other than normal foodstuffs" [5].
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