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Ideally, the initial, preprogrammed knowledge of a machine would be restricted to the kinds of human knowledge thought to be innate (e.g., object persistence, motion continuity, basic models of animacy and mind, linguistic universals, means of classifying/taxonomizing the world, of organizing events in time, of abstracting from experience, and other such knowledge and know-how).
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Several brain imaging (fMRI) studies [4], [5] suggest that perceptual persistence of motion-defined forms, post motion offset, are related to activations in brain regions along the ventral visual pathway, which are involved in object perception [e.g. 24,25,26].
The persistence of motion relies on our brains smoothing the granular iterations of changes into a smoothly blurred series of dissolves rather than the jump cuts they actually are.
We suggest that the brief subjective persistence of motion-defined forms that can occur after motion offsets is a consequence of the decay of a static form signal that has been transiently enhanced by motion processing.
These studies have measured how the subjective persistence of motion-defined form is influenced by factors of interest.
A lack of correlation between V1 BOLD signals and the perceptual persistence of motion-defined forms is perhaps unsurprising.
We would suggest that while the perceptual persistence of motion-defined forms might be driven by ventral pathway activity [4], [5], this might still involve a modulation of V1 activity not readily apparent in BOLD measures.
It was empirically decided to use three previous background subtracted frames for motion persistence filtering.
The logic behind motion persistence filtering is that while waves will produce legitimate motion pixels in a background subtraction algorithm, unlike those of ships, this motion is short-lived and may last merely over a few frames.
We provide a model that satisfactorily captures the turning bias of freely moving cells, and links short and long-term cell motion persistence times.
One can quantitatively see this by determining a "persistence length" of motion, multiplying the worms' average velocity with the persistence time, resulting in 5.4 cm for Smed-dynA-1 RNAi) wormSmed-dynA-1 RNAi cm Smed-dynA-1 RNAi) planarians, worms roughly corresponds to the size of the dish (length 14 cm).
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