The psychopharmaceutical complex is the perpetrator, including the drug companies, the federal government and organized medicine and psychiatry.
"Somalia's government faces daunting challenges given the scope of the abuse and the extensive measures needed to address it," said Liesl Gerntholtz, HRW's women's rights director "So instead of targeting victims who dare to speak out, the government should focus on prosecuting perpetrators, including members of the security forces".
In a report based on interviews with more than 100 witnesses, the UN Human Rights Office urged the Security Council to refer the issue to the International Criminal Court to prosecute perpetrators, including foreign members of the extremist group.
Meanwhile, as part of Operation New Year, a 100-strong team of police officers continue to investigate the identity of the perpetrators, including poring over 350 hours of video footage and questioning people at a refugee centre where mobile phones stolen on the night of the attacks are believe to have been located.
The perpetrators, including thousands of former child soldiers brutalised by years of fighting and of committing atrocities, are also deeply damaged.
Lesbian rape victims speak of verbal abuse by the perpetrators, including shouts of "We'll show you you're a woman," as though corrective rape were instruction in gender conventions.
A review of interventions for perpetrators, including behaviour change programs, and the strength of those programs should be carried out by an expert committee, the commission recommends, while the attendance of men to counselling service and behaviour change programs should be monitored.
It called for the creation of a war-crimes court with the power to bring charges, and recommended the prosecution of a hundred and sixteen of the war's "most notorious perpetrators," including Prince Johnson.
Based on the findings of this study, we suggest that, at a minimum, measures of human security should include prevalence of sexual violence at the hands of all types of perpetrators, including both combatants and non-combatants.
Though perpetrators including President al-Bashir were indicted for crimes against humanity by the international criminal court, justice and redress have yet to follow.
