More work is needed to explore how the role of gender of the perpetrator affects the occurrence of forced sex as well as its consequences.
Conflict-related violence, such as sexual and physical violence by armed perpetrators, has disproportionately affected women in conflict settings, with experiences of violence affecting between 24% and 73% in settings such as East Timor, Cote d'Ivoire and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
In addition to examining free-recall memory, we also looked at how misinformation about the perpetrator's appearance affected recognition memory by obtaining identifications from culprit-present and absent lineups.
In addition, we would not expect perpetrators to be more affected by the exposure to life-threatening situations in a qualitative manner as suggested by the PITS concept but rather the frequency of the exposure to different life-threatening situations has to be taken into account to draw inference about traumatization in perpetrators.
Gendler's third example cognitive depletion following interracial interactions (e.g., Trawalter & Richeson 2006; Richeson & Shelton 2007)—affects perpetrators of bias.
Of course those vast numbers whose lives had been affected, whether as perpetrators or as orphans, would not forget; but a public decision had been taken; a joint performative act carried out.
The results of the current study showed that, although few subjects were affected by cyberbullying (perpetrators and victims), a relationship exists between lower levels of self-esteem and cyberbullying risks.
A high level of PTSD in the group of former prisoners – and thus the likely genocide perpetrators – demonstrated that psychological suffering affected the population at large, although the nature of traumatic stressors may have varied.
I have to remember that while it is usually men doing this to women, relationship violence is pervasive: women, men, same-sex relationships, families and children are all affected and the perpetrator can be anyone, even a doctor.
