Although this article does not defend the doctrine of indirect co-perpetration, it does conclude that combined vertical and horizontal modes of liability, whether at the ICTY or ICC, implicitly or covertly rely on something like the personality principle in order to justify collective attribution to the horizontal collective.
In contrast to questions about victimization, the perpetration question did not include follow-up questions to determine where the incident occurred, who perpetrated it, or other contextual factors (e.g., man or woman; stranger or intimate partner; alcohol present or not).
To our knowledge, there have been no studies of the relationship between specific financial stressors and IPV perpetration so it is unclear if exposure to financial stressors is an antecedent to IPV perpetration.
In part to avoid detection by the authorities, traffickers grant victims limited freedom while simultaneously coercing them to return home to recruit other women to replace them.The report also casts a light on the increasingly important role that technology is playing in the trade, both in combating it and its perpetration.
Like hostility, anger successfully predicted bullying perpetration but unlike hostility it failed to mediate the victimization perpetration association.
"It's fascinating because those targeted by it often seem to be engaged most actively in its perpetration; perhaps as a way of trying to personally avoid the most hurtful direct impact of the shaming they align themselves with the status quo.
History of coerced sex and its perpetration.
Obviously, children who defend themselves are merely able to delay the perpetration but not to avoid it, cf. [ 31].
The days I spent reading it alternated between something approaching elation at the book's audacity and vision; and sheer weariness and suspicion, as if it were itself the perpetration of – well, if not a fraud, then a kind of deception.
It is the inadvertent perpetration and perpetuation of victimization by educational systems against consumers and producers of the system.
