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Perpendicular spindle orientation leads to asymmetric division and contributes to tissue thickening (Lechler and Fuchs, 2005; Poulson and Lechler, 2010).
(E ) Close-up of model in A showing germ line stem cells (spermatogonia, magenta) can undergo either self-renewing (parallel spindle angle, left) or differentiating divisions (perpendicular spindle angle, right).
Here we test the function of mitotic spindle orientation in cell fate choice in the chick neural tube, using mis-expression of the protein Inscuteable (Insc) as a tool to generate divisions with near perpendicular spindle orientations, known as apico-basal (A/B) divisions.
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Boring machines used in toolmaking shops have one vertical spindle and a work-holding table that can be moved horizontally in two directions perpendicular to each other so that holes can be accurately spaced.
The cluster of Cse4-containing kinetochores is physically larger perpendicular to the spindle axis relative to the cluster of Ndc80 molecules [2].
Seagate's new FreeAgent Go drive has a brushed anodized aluminum exterior in a color executives call "deep cappuccino," a homey phrase that seems out of place in an industry that has been more comfortable with terms like "perpendicular magnetic recording," "spindle speeds" and "SATA interfaces".
In our calculation, this angle tends towards 90°, as bivalents align perpendicular to the spindle equator.
These divisions are mediated by meiotic spindles that are asymmetrically positioned against the oocyte cortex with the pole-to-pole axis of the spindle perpendicular to the cortex.
Indeed, two populations of dividing stem cells were observed: those with a mitotic spindle perpendicular (∼90°) to the basement membrane and those with a mitotic spindle parallel (∼10°) to the basement membrane.
The orientation of the mitotic spindle, perpendicular to the cleavage furrow, is highly linked to the manner of cell division in aNPs (Fietz and Huttner, 2011; Götz and Huttner, 2005; Huttner and Kosodo, 2005; Buchman and Tsai, 2007; Kriegstein and Alvarez-Buylla, 2009; Lancaster and Knoblich, 2012).
GSCs divide asymmetrically by orienting their mitotic spindles perpendicular to the adherens junction present between GSCs and the hub, a major niche component [4].
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