And I asked him on the stand, 'What's "perpendicular" mean?' He was, like, 'You got me.' " I introduced myself to the masked man and asked his name.
The total perpendicular mean free path can be described as a combination of a guiding center contribution and a microscopic contribution.
Better overall agreement with observed cosmic ray data is found for anisotropic perpendicular diffusion, when the meridional component of the perpendicular mean free path has a flatter rigidity dependence than the parallel mean free path at low rigidity.
We show that for different forms of the turbulence spectrum at large scales, the perpendicular mean free paths obtained numerically are in agreement with recent predictions made by analytical theory.
Harried people surge through its concourses and tunnels in perpendicular lines, mean salmon in puffy coats going always upstream.
(4 where ( bar{R} ), ( bar{theta } ), and ( bar{B}_{i}^{ bot } ) are the mean sensor-to-target range, the mean radar incident angle, and the mean perpendicular baseline between two PSs, respectively; ( gamma ) is the model coherence (MC) of the link; and ( j = sqrt { - 1} ).
The controllers were tested when the longitudinal axis of the USV was aligned with the mean wind direction and when the longitudinal axis was perpendicular to the mean wind direction.
Following this surface estimation, the mean anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth (ALCSD) was calculated as the mean perpendicular distance from a plane best-fit to the BMO point cloud to the thin plate spline surface (fit to the marked ALCS points) for locations within the BMO ellipse [ Fig. 2(b)] [ 8].
This applies especially in formations with typical flow barriers which are small in a direction perpendicular to the mean flow, relative to their size in the direction parallel to the mean flow (large aspect ratio, e), and in formations of fine-textured soil materials with significant capillary forces (large macroscopic capillary length scale, λ).
We project the residual field onto the mean field vector to separate field-aligned variations (MFA Z-component, hereafter the 'residual strength') from those perpendicular to the mean field (MFA X- and Y-components).
