Patients were excluded if they were over the age of 60 years; on a vegetarian diet; had been diagnosed with pernicious anemia, documented by a positive Schilling test or anti-intrinsic factor antibody, or pancreatic exocrine insufficiency; had undergone a gastrectomy or bowel resection; or had been treated with supplemental calcium, H2 blocker, or B12 within 3 months of data collection.
Patients with autoimmune disease (excluding vitiligo and treated pernicious anaemia) or documented positive serologic testing for hepatitis B or HIV were ineligible for the study.
Unintended pregnancies (mistimed and unwanted) pose important public health risks, and their pernicious consequences have been documented in many studies [ 13- 16].
The atrocities of these groups are well documented, but a more pernicious aspect of life under their rule is the repression that seeps into women's daily life.
One might anticipate a heightened risk of infections in patients with pernicious anemia, but this has been surprisingly not well documented in any large case series.
This coincides with a rapid expansion of research on stigma [ 1] which, until recently, has concentrated on documenting the magnitude of the problem and understanding its pernicious effects [ 2– 4].
In a conference call, Hina Shamsi, the director of the A.C.L.U.'s National Security Project, said the documents showed that the loosened rules had led to an "extremely pernicious" practice of ascribing propensity to crimes to people based on their ethnicity or religion.
Mr. Obama can speak directly to that original American sin, the pernicious institution of slavery, the very sin of the "3/5" human enshrined in our founding document, the sin of Dred Scott, Plessey V. Ferguson, and Little Rock's Central High.
Their declarations range from an eloquent and moving Declaration of Independence from Silence, a genuine kindred spirit of our original July 4, 1776 document, to a declaration ending police brutality, to one that calls for an end to sexism in all its pernicious forms.
