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Assumptions 1 and 2 do not preclude multiplicity of equilibria in terms of permutations among insurers.
In contrast, our three-step approach computes several zero-cost permutations among the 20 female sheep.
The AMOVAs were conducted using 1,000 permutations among collection sites and ΦST (pairwise differences).
For diapause versus non-diapause populations there are potential permutations, among which we randomly selected 1,000 to create the null distribution.
The null hypothesis of no karyotype effect was tested here after performing random permutations among replicate and selection temperature for the among selection temperature F-statistics.
Genetic differentiation among populations was determined with Φ statistics and pairwise F ST. Differences between populations were tested using 10,000 permutations among populations with Fisher's exact test.
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Given that our permutation approach permutes among genes for which we have data this may lead to inflation of the number of clusters identified as significant at different cutoffs.
So taking NASDAQ and LSE out of the equation will still allow plenty of permutation among stock exchanges seeking long-term partners.
Next, we discuss how to choose a permutation among the found ones and whether the existence of R-nodes on PQR trees would affect this choice.
A given outcome of the generative process is understood as simply one permutation among a possibly infinite series.
To account for the multiple comparisons and overcome the difficulties of having few replicates, SAM performs a random permutation among experiments and sets up a cut-off threshold (e.g., at 5%) to identify the significant genes.
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