A variety of DNA repair mechanisms that become active upon germination also permit survival of UV radiation.
Although, the irradiation dosage is equivalent to the current protocols used in other transplantation settings [29], this minimal dosage probably permits survival of significant numbers of endogenous host stem cells that can be activated after transplantation of allogeneic NA-BMCs.
However, it is unclear whether this reflects reduced DNA damage, or whether induction of Hsp70 might permit survival of cells carrying DNA damage.
It has been proposed that residual TPT activity in the tpt-1 allele permits survival of the adg1-1/tpt-1 double mutant [ 20].
To our knowledge, expression of HSPs depends ultimately on transcription factor-HSF1 activation, which causes rapid transcription of HSP genes to permit survival of cells and restoration of global protein quality (Neckers and Workman, 2012).
Our findings confirm that E. gallinarum can capture the genetic determinants of high-level glycopeptide resistance, probably under selective pressure conditions that do not permit survival of a host organism with constitutive low-level resistance (3 ).
It has previously been proposed that residual TPT activity (which can be as high as 16% compared to the wild type) in the background of adg1-1/tpt-1 [ 21] might permit survival of this double mutant allele [ 13, 20].
In normal Egfr signaling, phosphorylated Hid is targeted for degradation, which permits survival of the developing ommatidium (Bergmann et al., 1998; Kurada and White, 1998); cell survival is also promoted by the activity of Pnt1/2, which repress Hid expression (Kurada and White, 1998; Yang and Baker, 2003).
Strikingly, crosses of tpt-1 with adg1-1 [ 16] or sex1-1 [ 17], defective in the catalytic subunit of ADPglucose phosphorylase (AGPase) or glucan water dikinase (GWD, [ 18]), were still viable albeit retarded in growth, suggesting that the residual TPT activity permits survival of the plants [ 13].
In contrast to sprouting angiogenesis, splitting angiogenesis is an energy conserving mechanism as it does not dependent on a high rate of proliferation or on basement membrane degradation and invasion, therefore saving energy and permitting survival of the tumor despite hypoxia and stress [ 25, 28, 30, 31].
