In Ghana, import permits for companies engaged in the parallel importation of drugs are difficult to obtain at this time, which may pose another barrier.
Finally, while artemisinin monotherapies have not been as widely used or available in Tanzania as they are in parts of Asia, the TFDA took steps to stop granting local production and importation permits for oral dosage forms of artemisinin-based monotherapies in August 2008.
As an LDC, Uganda has opted for exemptions including permitting parallel importation and providing for compulsory licenses.
The former included used tire importation/storage companies, bamboo importers, harbours and airports and are mainly areas at risk for importation of exotic mosquito species.
Classified as a least developed country, Uganda has opted for exemptions from the TRIPS intellectual property protection regime that include permitting parallel importation and providing for compulsory licenses for pharmaceuticals.
Much of Europe, while still forbidding the planting of GM crops, permits the importation of foods made from them.
Brokers and other middlemen would take most of the profits for importation policy.
They have each declared their support for importation of lower cost medicine by Americans.
More concrete alternatives for importation include parallel importation or the voluntary tiered-pricing arrangement proposed by the European Commission.
The bloc currently permits the importation of a limited quantity of beef derived from cattle certified by the U.S. government as "non-hormone treated" [ 26].
The data sources supporting parameters for importation of infected cases reach beyond the modeled region requiring the regional models to couple with global importation models.
