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As such, there was insufficient information to permit judgement of 'low risk' or 'high risk'.
Unclear risk of bias—Insufficient information to permit judgement of 'low risk' or 'high risk'.
Unclear risk of bias—Insufficient information about the sequence generation process to permit judgement of 'low risk' or 'high risk'.
In six studies (CS28, CS31, CS35, CS37, 149-99-03, ABACS1), there was insufficient reporting of attrition and exclusions to permit judgement on incomplete outcome data.
We also judged the risk of bias for the remaining 15 trials to be unclear as we had insufficient information to permit judgement.
24 Trials were classified as 'unclear risk of bias' when insufficient information was provided to permit judgement, 'high risk of bias' when the methodological flaw was likely to have affected the true outcome and 'low risk of bias' when a methodological flaw was deemed inconsequential to determine the true effect within a study.
Similar(45)
Kuhn held that if two theories are incommensurable, they are not comparable in a way that would permit the judgement that one is epistemically superior to the other, because different periods of normal science are characterized by different 'paradigms' (commitments to symbolic representations of the phenomena, metaphysical beliefs, values, and problem solving techniques).
Unclear: scored when no or insufficient information is provided to permit a judgement.
The study has shown that a bonus switch appeared to bring about an increase in the visits/admission ratio, but case notes did not permit a judgement as to whether an admission was necessary or unnecessary.
We judged the risk of allocation bias due to the procedures used to generate a randomised sequence of assignments to be unclear in 59 of 72 studies because insufficient information was provided about these procedures to permit a judgement of low or high risk.
We judged risk of bias due to procedures used to conceal the allocation sequence from those involved in the enrolment and assignment of participants to be unclear in 58 studies, again due to insufficient information to permit a judgement of low or high risk.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com