Information about the genetic architecture and associations with evolutionary fitness permit inferences about these evolutionary forces.
By contrast to (compensable) health inequalities between individuals, health inequalities between social groups typically do, in Hausman's view, permit inferences about inequalities in overall well-being.
Because observations may conceivably be generalized to many different universes, observations may vary in how reliably they permit inferences about these universes and, therefore, be associated with different reliability coefficients.
We constructed gene trees to permit inferences about the timing of the gene duplications and the cluster duplications.
However, this is a cross-sectional study design – a fact that does not permit inferences about the potential causal role of low-dose lead exposure [ 25, 54, 55].
These contrast images were stored separately for each participant, and entered into second level or "random effects" models, which permit inferences about condition effects across subjects and between groups that generalize to the population.
These contrast images were then entered into a second-level analysis of variance (ANOVA) to permit inferences about condition effects across participants (i.e., a random-effects analysis; Holmes and Friston [ 1998]).
While the observed pattern persists even after excluding peripheral areas or inaccurately geo-coded addresses, the nature of the study does not permit inferences about the shape of the exposure response function.
Neutral processes allow explicit predictions to be made, such that a comparison across loci permits inferences about mutation, migration and drift.
These data have permitted inferences about the potential transmissibility of different strains and facilitated the development of rational infection control guidelines.
