Sodium percent value in the analysed samples range between 48 and 56%% (avg. 26.8 %) and groundwater of the study area is excellent to good and good to permissible quality for irrigation uses according to Wilcox model (1955).
Kunjandiyur, Navapatti, Ettapur, Siruvachur, Gangavalli, Yercaud, Danishpet, Theevattipatti, and Thekkampatti fall below the C2S1 level, and these categories are indicating that good-to-permissible quality of water for irrigation uses with little danger of development of exchangeable sodium and salinity (Tiwari et al. 2016a).
In contrast, transverse flow is formed with the installation of the ventilation system designed in this study, significantly decreasing the indoor air temperature (by 3 5 °C) and air pollution (to permissible air-quality limitation).
The posttreatment in CW resulted in reducing the metal concentrations to 1.95 mg/L, 0 mg/L, and 0.004 mg/L for Ni, Pb, and Cd which were within the permissible water quality standards for industrial effluents.
The permissible ambient air quality standards for selected air pollutants were for the first time enacted under the National Environmental (Ambient Air Quality) Regulations of 1994 [ 7].
The results were compared with USEPA and WHO Permissible Limits for water quality standards.
The maximum permissible limits of water quality for drinking as given by BIS (1991) and WHO (1993) is 600 mg/L (Fig. 7a, b).
Similarly, the maximum value is selected for each water quality parameters on the basis of permissible concentrations as per drinking water quality standards (IS 10500).
Under the CWA the U.S. EPA is directed to develop water quality criteria outlining permissible pollutant loadings for a particular water use and states are directed to set water quality standards that include limitations on individual chemicals [for a summary see U.S. EPA (2003b) and Worobec (1986)].
The current study indicated that all water samples were bacteriologically contaminated and none of them met the WHO maximum permissible limit of drinking water quality.
Overall, the leachate characteristics did not meet the permissible limit declared under Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution From Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) Regulations 2009 (PU A) 433) Second Schedule (Regulation 13) from Department of Environment, Malaysia.
