Studies from the UK [ 10] and the US [ 32] have suggested that mature students are more likely than younger students to experience temporary and permanent student attrition.
Permanent loss from the workforce – true attrition – was attributed to changing employment to a field outside pharmacy, retirement or death.
A total number of 80 human permanent incisors, without caries, obvious defects, or attrition, extracted for periodontal causes over a period of 6 months, were selected for this study.
In spite of attrition through death, living abroad, permanent refusal, temporary refusal for specific time points and some untraceable cases, the sample in 1999 at 53 years was still representative of the UK population in most respects [ 18].
In general, non-response can take three forms: unit non-response, or absence of the target sample at study outset; temporary or wave non-response; and permanent non-response, commonly referred to as attrition [ 33].
As seen in Figure 3, three broad forms of attrition were identified from the literature as temporary, temporary or permanent, and permanent loss.
For John, failure has led to death, and the permanent retirement of his wife from the psychological war of attrition that characterised their marriage.
These immediate pathophysiological and structural changes may contribute to the development of chronic symptoms such as malnutrition, mucositis, and permanent reduction in saliva flow rates based on acinar cell attrition and replacement with fibrotic tissue [ 10- 12].
The retention rate of the overall cohort is 70%, with the highest attrition rate occurring during the infant years, due to permanent out-migration of mothers to rural areas following the delivery of their babies (25).
Yet attrition does not cause nearly as much pain as do permanent layoffs, which can severely disrupt families and lower workers' incomes for years.
