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How well a male sings-reflected in repertoire size or in other learned features of a male's singing behavior-provides an honest indicator of quality because the timing of song learning and, more importantly, the timing of the development of brain structures mediating learning corresponds to a period in development during which young songbirds are most likely to undergo nutritional stress.
During a critical period in development, we learn to associate the traits of our caregivers with those of a desirable mate.
The first year is a critical period in development that will shape the future of that child's life, for better or for worse.
For this brief period in development, the surfaces of the NPBs may act as the functional equivalent of chromocentres found in differentiated mouse cells.
Although androgens confer a short-term benefit of increased aggression to Nazca booby neonates, exposure to elevated androgen levels during this sensitive period in development can also induce long-term organizational effects on behavior or morphology.
Given the evidence that neonatal birds with altricial development experience organizational effects from post-hatching exposure (the first 30% of the nestling period) to steroid hormones [31], the early exposure of highly altricial Nazca boobies to a high androgen level is expected to coincide with a sensitive period in development.
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The goal of the 2018 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN Research Workshopp was to explore the influence of nutrition and dietary exposure to xenobiotics on the epigenome during critical periods in development and how these exposures influence both disease incidence and severity transgenerationally.
Disruption of TH physiology during critically sensitive periods in development can lead to adverse outcomes.
The doses administered to accomplish this objective may differ during critical periods in development and adulthood.
Identification of increased associations in very specific vulnerable periods in development may aid in the elucidation of potential mechanisms.
Sex hormones at critical periods in development influence cellular differentiation, which may also be influenced by environmental factors.
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