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Cells were continuously superfused, and drugs were applied using a piezo-switched perfusion fast-step SF-77B connected to an eight-channel perfusion valve control VC-8 system (Warner Instruments, Hamden, Connecticut, USA).
We delivered the artificial saliva and tastant solutions to the anterior tongue (at a rate of 10 ml/min) with a continuous-flow system (VC-6 Perfusion Valve Control System; Warner Instruments, Hamden, CT).
For continuous superfusion with ND100 solution (100 mM NaCl, 2 mM KCl, 1 mm CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, 10 mM HEPES, pH adjusted to 7.4 with NaOH), a gravity-driven superfusion system [Warner Instruments (Hamden, CT, USA), Eight Channel Perfusion Valve Control System (VC-8)] was used.
Live imaging was performed in Tyrode's medium (pH 7.4; 127 mM NaCl, 10 mM HEPES-NaOH, 2.5 mM KCl, 2 mM MgCl2, and 2 mM CaCl2 with 30 mM glucose and/or 10 mM pyruvate) on a Nikon Ti-E inverted microscope with an iXon EMCCD camera (Andor Technology, Belfast, UK) and a perfusion valve control system (VC-8, Warner Instruments, Hamden, CT, USA) controlled by MetaMorph Software.
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This study compares coronary perfusion after aortic valve replacement with stented or stentless porcine bioprostheses in a prospective randomized study.
Ligands were superfused using a pressure-driven solenoid valve perfusion system (Octaflow; ALA Scientific Instruments, Westbury, NY, USA).
The chamber was continuously superfused (1 mL/min) with gassed (95% O2, 5% CO2, pH 7.4) Tyrode's solution and drugs were delivered using a multichannel valve controlled perfusion system.
In structurally heterogeneous organs, such as heart, it is challenging to retain extracellular matrix integrity in the thinnest regions (eg, valves) during perfusion decellularization and completely remove cellular debris from thicker areas.
We considered that the poor opening of both mitral and aortic valves due to low flow secondary to cardiogenic shock and retrograde perfusion by VA-ECMO synergistically induced bioprosthetic mitral valve thrombosis and valve failure while using proper anticoagulation therapy.
For whole-cell recordings, the perfusion system consisted of solution reservoirs, manual switching valves, a solenoid-driven pinch valve, and two tubes (inner diameter, 0.3 mm) oriented at 90° inserted into the culture dish (modified from ref (23)).
The perfusion system was equipped with a pinch valve that controls the duration of the application.
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