It's hard to measure the performance of non-native English speakers, who move in and out of English learner status, officials say — and combining the scores of the different groups would provide more stable results.
Greater relative performance of non-natives over natives in N-enriched treatments has been found in wetland plants as well (Rickey and Anderson 2004; Holdredge et al. 2010).
Evidence for reduced performance of non-natives with increasing inundation intensity occurs in both absolute terms (e.g. Stokes 2008; Tanentzap et al. 2014) and relative to natives (e.g. Mills et al. 2009).
Just 1 tree of non native fruit is 1,500 bells!
Improving ASR performance on non-native speech can also be carried out at the level of the lexicon.
In attempts aimed at improving ASR performance on non-native speech, the acoustic models have received most attention.
In a review of studies comparing the performance of native to non-native plant species, Daehler (2003) found that native performance equalled or exceeded that of non-natives in low-light conditions in 7 of 10 studies.
The results indicate that the analysis of patterns of non-native performance can provide important insights concerning the architecture of the speech perception system and the issue of language learnability.
Up to now, there has been little research on performance discrepancies in the language proficiency of non-native speakers, who are learning the language in a predominantly academic setting, with perhaps some exposure to the language through media and information technology, versus native speakers who are exposed to the language inside and outside of the classroom from an early age.
However, the recognition performance obtained with such models is usually not sufficient or at any rate considerably lower than the performance on native speech, because of the various deviations in the speech of non-natives [20, 21].
From a management perspective, this study allowed estimating the relative performances of stocked and wild individuals and highlighted the role of dispersal as a 'spreading agent' of non-native genes into wild salmon populations.
